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Georgia is a representative democracy governed as a unitary parliamentary republic. The country's Western orientation soon led to worsening relations with Russia, which culminated in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008, and entrenched Russian occupation of a portion of Georgia.

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Following the peaceful Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia strongly pursued a pro- Western foreign policy it introduced a series of democratic and economic reforms aimed at integration into the European Union and NATO. For most of the subsequent decade, post-Soviet Georgia suffered from economic crisis, political instability and secessionist wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. In the 1980s, an independence movement grew quickly, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. Following World War I, Georgia was invaded and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1922, becoming one of its constituent republics. In 1783, one of the Georgian kingdoms entered into an alliance with the Russian Empire but Russia reneged on its promises and instead proceeded to annex the territory of modern Georgia piece-by-piece against the wish of the local rulers.Īfter the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia emerged as an independent republic under German protection.

Thereafter, the kingdom declined and eventually disintegrated under the hegemony of various regional powers, including the Mongols, the Ottoman Empire, and various dynasties of Persia.

In the Middle Ages, the unified Kingdom of Georgia reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar. In the early 4th century, Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the unification of early Georgian states. During the classical era, several kingdoms emerged in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. Georgia has been a wine production site since 6,000 BC, being the earliest known location of winemaking in the world. Tbilisi is its capital and largest city, home to roughly a third of the Georgian population. The country covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900 sq mi), and has a population of 3.7 million people. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, Russia to the north and northeast, Turkey to the southwest, Armenia to the south, and by Azerbaijan to the southeast. Georgia ( Georgian: საქართველო, romanized: sakartvelo, IPA: ⓘ) is a transcontinental country located in Eastern Europe and West Asia.